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113: Al-Falaq - الفلق
Introduction
This early Makkan Surah provides the antidote to superstition and fear by teaching us to seek refuge in Allah from every kind of ill arising from outer nature and from dark and evil plottings and envy on the part of others.
113:1
[ Original ]
قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of the Dawn
Tafseer Commentary
6301 In Allah's created world, there are all kinds of forces and counterforces, especially those put in motion by beings who have been endowed with some sort of will. The forces of good may be compared to light, and those of evil to darkness. Allah can cleave the depths of darkness and produce light (6:96), and therefore we should cast off fear and take refuge in divine guidance and goodness.
6302 Falaq is the Dawn or Daybreak, the cleaving of darkness and the manifestation of light. This may be understood in various senses: (1) literally, when the darkness of the night is at its worst, rays of light pierce through and produce the dawn; (2) when the darkness of ignorance is at its worst, the light of Allah pierces through the soul and gives it enlightenment: 24:35; (3) non-existence is darkness, and life and activity may be typified by light. The author and source of all true light is Allah, and if we seek Him, we are free from ignorance, superstition, fear, and every kind of evil.
113:2
[ Original ]
مِنْ شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
From the mischief of created things;
Tafseer Commentary
6303 See n. 6301 above. Our trust in Allah is the refuge from every kind of fear and superstition, every kind of danger and evil. Three special kinds of mischief are specified in the next three verses, against which our best guard is our trust in Allah, the Light of the heavens and the earth. They are: (1) physical dangers, typified by darkness, (2) psychical dangers within us, typified by Secret Arts, and (3) psychical dangers from without us, resulting from a perverted will, which seeks to destroy any good that we enjoy.
113:3
[ Original ]
وَمِنْ شَرِّ غَاسِقٍ إِذَا وَقَبَ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
From the mischief of Darkness as it overspreads;
Tafseer Commentary
6304 The darkness of the night, physical darkness, is a good type of physical dangers and difficulties. Many people are afraid of physical darkness, and all are afraid of physical injuries, accidents, and calamities. We should not fear, but having taken reason able precautions, trust in Allah.
113:4
[ Original ]
وَمِنْ شَرِّ النَّفَّاثَاتِ فِي الْعُقَدِ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
From the mischief of those who practise Secret Arts;
Tafseer Commentary
6305 Those who practise Secret Arts: literally, 'those (feminine) who blow on knots', this having been a favourite form of witchcraft practiced by perverted women. Such secret arts cause psychological terror. They may be what is called magic, or secret plottings, or the display of false and seductive charms (3:14), or the spreading of false and secret rumours or slanders to frighten men or deter them from right action. There is fraud in such things, but men are swayed by it. They should cast off fear and do their duty.
113:5
[ Original ]
وَمِنْ شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
And from the mischief of the envious one as he practises envy.
Tafseer Commentary
6306 Malignant envy, translated into action, seeks to destroy the happiness or the material or spiritual good enjoyed by other people. The best guard against it is trust in Allah with purity of heart.
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