|
|
84: Al-Inshiqaq - الانشقاق
Introduction
Chronologically this Surah is closely connected with the last one. In subject matter it resembles more S. 82 and S. 81, with which it may be compared. The Surah, which opens with a mention of some cataclysmic events, shows that the present phenomenal order will not last, and Allah's full Judgement will certainly be established: man should therefore strive for the World of Eternity and the true Values. (R).
84:1
[ Original ]
إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
When the sky is rent asunder,
Tafseer Commentary
6031 The passing away of this world of sense to make way for a new World of Reality is here indicated by two Facts, which are themselves Symbols for a complete revolution in our whole knowledge and experience. At the beginning of S. 82 and S. 81, other Symbols were used, to lead up to the arguments there advanced. Here the Symbols are: (1) the Sky being rent asunder and giving up its secrets, and (2) the Earth being flattened out from the globe it is, and giving up its secrets (Cf. 25:25 and 50:44). See the following notes.
84:2
[ Original ]
وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا وَحُقَّتْ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
And hearkens to (the Command of) its Lord, and it must needs (do so);-
Tafseer Commentary
6032 We may think that the heavens we see above us-high and sacred, seemingly vast and limitless, eternal and timeless-are not created matter. But they are. And they remain just so long as Allah wills it so, and not a moment longer. As soon as His Command issues for their dissolution, they will obey and vanish, and all their mystery will be emptied out. And it must necessarily be so; their very nature as created beings requires that they must hearken to the voice of their Creator, even to the extent of their own extinction.
84:3
[ Original ]
وَإِذَا الْأَرْضُ مُدَّتْ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
And when the earth is flattened out,
Tafseer Commentary
6033 The Earth is a globe, enclosing within it many secrets and mysteries-gold and diamonds in its mines, heat and magnetic forces in its entrails, and the bodies of countless generations of men buried within its soil. At its dissolution all these contents will be disgorged: it will lose its shape as a globe, and cease to exist. A more mystic meaning lies behind the ordinary meaning of the vanishing of the heavens and the earth as we see them. Our ideas of them-their subjective contents with reference to ourselves will also lose all shape and form and vanish before the eternal verities.
84:4
[ Original ]
وَأَلْقَتْ مَا فِيهَا وَتَخَلَّتْ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
And casts forth what is within it and becomes (clean) empty,
84:5
[ Original ]
وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا وَحُقَّتْ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
And hearkens to (the Command of) its Lord,- and it must needs (do so);- (then will come Home the full reality).
Tafseer Commentary
6034 See n. 6032. We think the earth so solid and real. All our perishable things dissolve into the earth. But the earth itself will dissolve into a truer Reality.
6035 The substantive clause, to follow the two conditional clauses preceding, may be filled up from the suggestion contained in 82:5.
84:6
[ Original ]
يَا أَيُّهَا الْإِنْسَانُ إِنَّكَ كَادِحٌ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ كَدْحًا فَمُلَاقِيهِ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
O thou man! Verily thou art ever toiling on towards thy Lord- painfully toiling,- but thou shalt meet Him.
Tafseer Commentary
6036 This life is ever full of toil and misery, if looked at as empty of the Eternal Hope which Revelation gives us. Hence the literature of pessimism in poetry and philosophy, which thinking minds have poured forth in all ages, when that Hope was obscured to them. "Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought." "To each his suffering; all are men condemned alike to groan!" It is the noblest men that have to "scorn delights and live laborious days" in this life. The good suffer on account of their very goodness: the evil on account of their Evil. But the balance will be set right in the end. Those that wept shall be made to rejoice, and those that went about thoughdessly rejoicing, shall be made to weep for their folly. They will all go to their account with Allah and meet Him before His Throne of Judgement.
84:7
[ Original ]
فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
Then he who is given his Record in his Right hand,
Tafseer Commentary
6037 Right Hand: Cf. 17:71. These will be the fortunate ones, who spent their lives in goodness and truth: for them the account will be made easy; for even after the balancing, they will receive more than their merits deserve, on account of the infinite grace and mercy of Allah.
84:8
[ Original ]
فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
Soon will his account be taken by an easy reckoning,
84:9
[ Original ]
وَيَنْقَلِبُ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
And he will turn to his people, rejoicing!
Tafseer Commentary
6038 His People: should be understood in a large sense, including all righteous persons of his category, (including of course all those nearest and dearest to him), who are spiritually of his family, whether before him or after him in time.
84:10
[ Original ]
وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
But he who is given his Record behind his back,-
Tafseer Commentary
6039 In 69:24, the wicked are given the Record in their left hand. But their hands will not be free. Sin will have tied their hands behind their back: and thus they can only receive their Records in their left hand, behind their back.
84:11
[ Original ]
فَسَوْفَ يَدْعُو ثُبُورًا
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
Soon will he cry for Perdition,
Tafseer Commentary
6040 The wicked will cry for death and annihilation: but they will neither live nor die: 20:74.
84:12
[ Original ]
وَيَصْلَىٰ سَعِيرًا
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
And he will enter a Blazing Fire.
84:13
[ Original ]
إِنَّهُ كَانَ فِي أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
Truly, did he go about among his people, rejoicing!
Tafseer Commentary
6041 The tables are now turned. His self-complacence and self-conceit in his lower life will now give place to weeping and gnashing of teeth! Cf. n. 6036 above.
84:14
[ Original ]
إِنَّهُ ظَنَّ أَنْ لَنْ يَحُورَ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
Truly, did he think that he would not have to return (to Us)!
Tafseer Commentary
6042 Most of the Evil in this world is due to the false idea that man is irresponsible, or to a mad and thoughtless indulgence of self. Man is not irresponsible. He is responsible for every deed, word, and thought of his, to his Maker, to Whom he has to return, to give an account of himself. To remember this and act accordingly is to achieve salvation; to forget or flout that responsibility is to get into the Fire of self-deception and misery.
84:15
[ Original ]
بَلَىٰ إِنَّ رَبَّهُ كَانَ بِهِ بَصِيرًا
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
Nay, nay! for his Lord was (ever) watchful of him!
84:16
[ Original ]
فَلَا أُقْسِمُ بِالشَّفَقِ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
So I do call to witness the ruddy glow of Sunset;
Tafseer Commentary
6043 The same form of adjuration as in 69:37. The substantive statement is in verse 19 below: "Ye shall surely travel from stage to stage". Nothing in this life is fixed, or will last. Three things are mentioned which on the one hand have remained from age to age for as far back as the memory of man can go, and yet each of them is but a short phase, gone as it were in the twinkling of an eye. See the following notes: So our life here is but a fleeting show. Its completion is to be looked for elsewhere.
6044 (1) The sun seems such a great reality that people worshipped it as a divinity. The beautiful glow it leaves when it sets is but momentary: it changes every moment and vanishes with the twilight.
84:17
[ Original ]
وَاللَّيْلِ وَمَا وَسَقَ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
The Night and its Homing;
Tafseer Commentary
6045 (2) The Night is a phenomenon you see during almost half of every twentyfour hours in ordinary latitudes. At nightfall, all the wandering flocks and herds come home. The men scattered abroad for their livelihood return home to rest and sleep. The Night collects them in their homes, and yet this phase of Homing lasts but a little while. Presently all is silent and still. So will it be with our souls when this life is ended with our death. We shall be collected in a newer and larger Homing.
84:18
[ Original ]
وَالْقَمَرِ إِذَا اتَّسَقَ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
And the Moon in her Fullness:
Tafseer Commentary
6046 (3) The astronomical Full Moon does not last a moment. The moment the moon is full, she begins to decline, and the moment she is in her "inter-lunar swoon", she begins her career anew as a growing New Moon. So is man's life here below. It is not fixed or permanent, either in its physical phases, or even more strikingly, in its finer phases, intellectual, emotional, or spiritual.
84:19
[ Original ]
لَتَرْكَبُنَّ طَبَقًا عَنْ طَبَقٍ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
Ye shall surely travel from stage to stage.
Tafseer Commentary
6047 Man travels and ascends stage by stage. In 67:3 the same word in the form tibaqa was used of the heavens, as if they were in layers one above another. Man's spiritual life may similarly be compared to an ascent from one heaven to another.
84:20
[ Original ]
فَمَا لَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
What then is the matter with them, that they believe not?-
Tafseer Commentary
6048 Considering man's high destiny, and the fact that this life is but a stage or a sojourn for him, it might be expected that he would eagerly embrace every opportunity of welcoming Allah's Revelation and ascending by Faith to heights of spiritual wisdom. There is something wrong with his will if he does not do so. Notice the transition from the second person in verse 19, where there is a direct appeal to Allah's votaries, to the third person in verses 20-21, where men who are rebels against Allah's Kingdom are spoken of as if thev were alien.
84:21
[ Original ]
وَإِذَا قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقُرْآنُ لَا يَسْجُدُونَ ۩
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
And when the Qur'an is read to them, they fall not prostrate,
Tafseer Commentary
6049 Prostrate: out of respect and humble gratitude to Allah.
84:22
[ Original ]
بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُكَذِّبُونَ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
But on the contrary the Unbelievers reject (it).
84:23
[ Original ]
وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يُوعُونَ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
But Allah has full knowledge of what they secrete (in their breasts)
84:24
[ Original ]
فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
So announce to them a Penalty Grievous,
84:25
[ Original ]
إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ
[ Abdullah Yusuf Ali ]
Except to those who believe and work righteous deeds: For them is a Reward that will never fail.
Tafseer Commentary
6050 Cf. 41:8.
|
|